Icwebezela ngekristalu, iyamangalisa futhi inemibala, ubuhle bengilazi kusukela e-Qing Dynasty

Ingilazi YaseShayina Yaqala eNtshonalanga Zhou Dynasty futhi yachuma eQing Dynasty. Ngonyaka wama-35 wokubusa kweKangxi (1690), kwakhiwa ifektri yengilazi yeQing Palace Construction Office. Ngesikhathi seKangxi, Yongzheng, kanye neQianlong, izingcweti zaseShayina zahlanganisa izakhi zaseShayina nezaseNtshonalanga ukuze zakhe isitayela esiyingqayizivele sezinto zokugqoka ingilazi. Njengoba amandla kazwelonke eQing Dynasty ayesephelile, ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi eQing Palace kwehla kancane kancane, kodwa inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yengilazi yaseNtshonalanga neyaseMpumalanga langena eDolobheni Elivinjelwe. Izinto zokugqoka ingilazi ezinhle neziyigugu zenkantolo yeQing Dynasty kancane kancane zathatha imibala yansuku zonke. Imibala ekhazimulayo kanye nezimo ezicebile zengilazi yeQing Dynasty azikaze zenzeke emlandweni wengilazi yaseShayina.

Ukuhlanza ibhakede le-slag elicwebezelayo elinombala onsomi phakathi nesikhathi sonyaka

I-hopper yengilazi ecwebezelayo eluhlaza okotshani (umbono ongaphambili) isigaba sokuhlanza esiphakathi

Ukuhlanza ibhakede le-slag elicwebezelayo eliluhlaza okotshani phakathi nesikhathi

I-hopper yengilazi egayiwe ekhanyayo enombala wetiye (umbono ongaphambili) isigaba sokuhlanza esiphakathi

Ibhakede lengilazi elicwebezelayo elinombala wetiye, isigaba sokuhlanza esiphakathi

Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Ingilazi Ebonakalayo Umbono Wesikwele i-Qing Qianlong

Isikwele sengilazi esikhanyayo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (isithombe semininingwane) Qing Qianlong

Ibhodlela lengilazi elikhanyayo eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-Qing Qianlong

Ibhodlela lendlebe eliphindwe kabili elikhanyayo eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elikhanyayo

Ibhodlela lezimbali elinombala okhanyayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinomlomo we-ear ephindwe kabili (isithombe esinemininingwane) elicacile

Okungabonakali Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Okusentshonalanga Isitsha Sengilazi IYurophu yekhulu le-19

Ibhodlela eliphuzi eliphuzi lomhlabathi ophindwe kabili i-Qing Qianlong

Ibhodlela le-chrysanthemum elicwebezelayo laseNtshonalanga elinomfanekiso ovela eYurophu yekhulu le-19

Ibhodlela le-chrysanthemum elicwebezelayo laseNtshonalanga elinephethini (isithombe esinemininingwane) eYurophu yekhulu le-19

Isethi emhlophe yeqabunga lebhanana elibomvu elihlanganisiwe lephethini yezimbali zevemvane ivazi yezindlebe ezimbili i-Qing Qianlong

Ibhodlela elimhlophe elinephethini lengilazi ebomvu ye-peach bat, i-Qing Qianlong

Isethi emhlophe yengilazi ebomvu yedrako eliphindwe kabili elijaha ibhodwe lentwasahlobo le-jade pot elinomfanekiso we-Qing Qianlong

Ibhodlela elimhlophe elinephethini yedrako eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nele-phoenix, i-Qing Qianlong

01 Umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wokufutha
I-"Yanshan Zaji · Liuli" iqopha ukuthi ngesikhathi soBukhosi bukaMing, kwakukhona izinto zokufutha ezifana nezibani zama-bubble, amabhodlela ezinhlanzi, namehlo kaBuddha okwakhiqiza "umbuso ongenalutho". Izesekeli ze-jade ezenziwe ngengilazi ebunjiwe yoBukhosi bukaMing kuphela ezisasele nanamuhla. Ifomula yengilazi eyethulwa eYurophu ngesikhathi soBukhosi bukaQing yavumela imisebenzi yokufutha eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kokufutha izinto ezincane ngokukhululeka, ukufutha isikhunta kuyindlela ebalulekile yokwenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Faka ipayipi lokufutha lensimbi ku-probe yezinto zengilazi bese ulifutha ku-mold. Ngemva kokubumba, susa isikhunta bese usipholisha, singezwe ngokusika nokupenda.

Ibhodlela lengilazi elinombala o-octagonal eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-Qing Yongzheng

Izithelo zeglasi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene zokuhlanza

Ingilazi enemibala egqamile yezithelo (isithombe esinemininingwane) icacile

Ibhodlela lengilazi elinemibala emine, i-Qing Qianlong

Amasethi engilazi angu-02

Ingilazi yokumboza iyinhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokumboza ingilazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqopha, umbala wengaphakathi ngaphambili kanye nombala wesembozo sangaphandle okukhulunywa ngaso kamuva. Ingahlukaniswa futhi ngezigaba ezimbili: eyodwa ukumboza ingilazi ye-monochrome ngengilazi ye-monochrome; Indlela yesibili "inhlanganisela", ehilela ukubopha kancane nokuncibilikisa izingxenye zengilazi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene ku-substrate, bese uziqopha endaweni.

Ingilazi emhlophe enemibala enamaphethini amabili elulwane namanzi anomumo wekhabe, i-Qing Dynasty Qianlong

Ibhodlela le-snuff elinephethini eliphuzi eliluhlaza okotshani lengilazi yentethe enephethini ecacile

Isethi emhlophe yeqabunga lebhanana eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elihlanganisiwe ngephethini yezimbali ivazi yezindlebe ezimbili i-Qing Qianlong

Isethi emhlophe yeqabunga lebhanana eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elihlanganisiwe ngephethini yezimbali ivazi yezindlebe ezimbili (isithombe semininingwane) Qing Qianlong

Isitsha seglasi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinephethini elimhlophe, i-Qing Qianlong

Isitsha esimhlophe esinephethini yengilazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esihlanganisiwe (isithombe semininingwane) i-Qing Qianlong

03 Ukupenda Ngengilazi

Ukupenda ngengilazi kuyindlela yokupenda esebenzisa ingilazi njengendlela yokuxhumana. Njengoba isithombe sivezwa ngaphansi kwengilazi, kubalulekile ukulandela ukuhleleka kwemininingwane ngaphambi kokuxuba umbala ngemuva ngesikhathi senqubo yokupenda, okuphambene nenqubo evamile yokupenda. Ngalesi sisekelo, uMbuso WaseQing washeshe wathuthukisa indlela yokupenda ngaphakathi usebenzisa amathiphu epeni eligobile, elalivame ukusetshenziswa ezitsheni ezincane ezifana namabhodlela e-snuff.

Ukupenda Kwabesifazane BaseNtshonalanga Ukupenda Ingilazi Okucacile

Umdwebo Wengilazi Wabesifazane BaseNtshonalanga (Imininingwane) Qing

Umdwebo Wezolimo Nokulukwa Kwengilazi Udwetshwe Kahle

Umdwebo Wengilazi Wokulima Nokuluka (Imininingwane) Ocacile

04 ingilazi eqoshiwe

Ingilazi eqoshiwe ingahlukaniswa cishe ibe yindlela yokubaza idayimane kanye nendlela yokubaza izimoto. Kusenenani elincane lengilazi eqoshiwe yedayimane kusukela esikhathini saseKangxi. Le ndlela yaqala eVenice ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, lapho ipeni lokubaza elinedayimane lalisetshenziswa khona ezindaweni zengilazi ukuze kupendwe futhi kugaywe. Ngesikhathi seYongzheng, ingilazi eqoshiwe yathola ugqozi olukhulu kumasu okubaza i-jade endabuko, manje avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "indlela yokubaza izinqola".

I-vase yezimbali ecwebezelayo ecwebezelayo e-Western sapphire blue eqoshiwe evela eYurophu yekhulu le-19

I-vase yezimbali ecwebezelayo enemibala ephuzi esentshonalanga eqoshiwe ngengilazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (isithombe esiningiliziwe) eYurophu yekhulu le-19

Indebe yephethini yebhabhathane enombala ophuzi eqoshwe ngengilazi ekhanyayo, i-Qing Qianlong

Imbali eqoshiwe ngengilazi ekhanyayo nephethini yezithelo, indebe ecacile enezinyawo eziphakeme

Indebe yezimbali eziqoshiwe ngengilazi nezithelo enezithende eziphakeme (isithombe semininingwane) ecacile

05 Ingilazi Yegolide

Ingilazi ye-Baojin ibhekisela enkambisweni yokudala imigqa emnyama emincane nefanayo ebusweni bengilazi ye-monochrome, bese kufakwa i-glue yegolide kanye ne-foil ngaphakathi kwemigqa ukudala ukuthungwa kwegolide. Le ndlela yathuthukiswa ngokuthola ugqozi lobuchwepheshe be-lacquerware futhi iwumhlobiso oyingqayizivele wengilazi yenkantolo ye-Qing Dynasty.

I-Sky blue glass railing gold entwined branch pattern tripod furnace Qing Qianlong

Ivazi yengilazi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enamagatsha asongwe ngegolide namaphethini ezimbali, i-Qing Qianlong

06 Ingilazi yeVenus

Ingilazi yeVenus iqanjwe ngezinhlayiya zekristalu ezikhazimula ngokukhanya kwegolide ngaphakathi komzimba wayo. Yaqala ukwethulwa njengohlobo olusha lwengilazi eVenice ngekhulu le-15 futhi ibizwa ngokuthi "itshe leWendorina" noma "iKashlun" ezinqolobaneni zeSigodlo saseQing. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokubusa kweQianlong, lolu hlobo lwadutshulwa ngempumelelo efektri yengilazi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezithunywa zevangeli. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obukhulu kanye nobunzima bokuvuthela, iningi lengilazi yeVenus ekhona liqoshwe kusetshenziswa izindlela zokusika i-jade, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezinezingcezu zengilazi yeVenus ezifakwe ngaphandle komzimba wensimbi.

Ithayi lethusi elifakwe ingilazi yenkanyezi yegolide, isibambi sepeni eliqhekekile, elicacile

Ithayi lethusi elifakwe isibambo sepeni leqhwa lengilazi yenkanyezi yegolide (isithombe semininingwane) sicacile

Iphethini Yokuqopha Ingilazi Ye-Venus Glass Cloud Phoenix Ukuxhumeka Okuphindwe Kabili Ukufakwa Kwembali Yasedolobheni Lamanzi Okucacile

07 Ezinye izinsalela zamasiko ezinhle kakhulu

Ingilazi emhlophe, amachashazi abomvu, imbiza yezimbali, okucacile

Ingilazi emhlophe egoqwe ngosilika onemibala kanye nebhodlela lengilazi elinephethini elijikelezayo, i-Qing Qianlong

Ibhodlela elimhlophe elinephethini eliyindilinga eligoqwe ngosilika onemibala (isithombe semininingwane) Qing Qianlong

Ibhodlela lokupenda izimbali nezinyoni elinomzimba wengilazi i-Qing Qianlong

I-Diancui ehlotshiswe ngengilazi, inzalo enephethini likaBandai, imbali yekhanda, ecacile

Isongo sengilazi ebomvu embozwe yiqhwa laseFeixue, esicacile

Ibhubesi elilele eliqoshwe ngengilazi elikhanyayo liphonsa ibhola licacile

Ibhodlela lesivalo sezindlebe ezimbili eligoqwe ngengilazi enombala waseNtshonalanga, iVenice yekhulu le-18

Ibhodlela lesivalo sezindlebe ezimbili eligoqwe ngengilazi enombala waseNtshonalanga (isithombe semininingwane) iVenice yekhulu le-18