I-Scottish Whiskey: Uhambo Olude Lwekhulu Leminyaka Ukusuka Ekwenzeni Ubhiya Okuvamile Kuya Ekukhuleni Komhlaba Wonke

Imvelaphi kanye namaNode Omlando Abalulekile

I-whisky yaseScotch, efushaniswe ngokuthi iScotch, ikhombisa isimo sayo esingavamile. Lesi siphuzo sekhwalithi ephezulu senziwa ngobuciko obuhle obudluliswa kusukela ezizukulwaneni kuya ezizukulwaneni kuleli zwe lasendulo laseScotland, okwenza kube nokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nokumnandi. Ifa layo lomlando elijulile lingalandelelwa emuva eMing Dynasty eShayina eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-500 edlule. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-whisky yaseScotland isibe ingcebo ehlanganyelwe phakathi kwabanambitha iwayini nabathandi emhlabeni jikelele.

I-whisky yaseScotland ingalandelwa emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-500, inomlando omude kanye nombala oyingqayizivele, othinta kakhulu umhlaba.

Umsuka Weziphuzo Ezidakayo

Ubhiya we-malt, njengolunye lweziphuzo ezidakayo ezindala kakhulu emlandweni wesintu, ekuqaleni wawuyisiphuzo esimnandi, esinotshwala obuphansi, nesivutshiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ube yi-whisky ethandwa emhlabeni wonke namuhla, kusadingeka idlule enkathini ebalulekile yokuguquka - "i-distillation". Ngekhulu le-12 AD, ubuchwepheshe be-distillation bethulwa eYurophu ngezandla zama-Arabhu avela kude eShayina. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, utshwala obuphezulu babusetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha, busatshalaliswa yizindela, futhi buhlonishwa "njengamanzi okuphila". Lolu ketshezi oluyimilingo lwasheshe lwathola ukunakwa okukhulu phakathi komphakathi kanye nesonto.

Inkosi ihola umkhuba we-whisky

Umlando we-whisky yaseScotland ungalandelelwa emuva ku-1494, lapho iNkosi uJames IV yaseScotland yayiyithanda kakhulu i-whisky futhi yaze yahlanganyela mathupha enkambisweni yayo yokwenza ubhiya. Esiqhingini sase-Aire, indela yamaKatolika egama linguJohn Corr yathunywa yinkosi ukuthi ithenge i-malt njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye ne-whisky yokwenza ubhiya eyaziwa ngokuthi "amanzi okuphila", okulingana namabhodlela angaba ngu-1500 namuhla. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-whisky isibe isiphuzo sasebukhosini, futhi isimo sayo sisobala.

Umdlalo wamandla phakathi kweNkosi uSu neNkosi uYing

Ngemva kokufa kukaJames IV, iScotland yawela ngaphansi kokubusa kwenkosi yaseBrithani ngo-1513. UHenry VIII wachitha izindela zaseScotland futhi waphoqa izindela ukuba zishiye amakhaya azo. Ngemva kokuzulazula phakathi kwabantu, lezi zindela zazingathembela kuphela ezindleleni zokucwilisa ukuze ziphile ngokwenza i-whisky ezindaweni nasemapulazini azimele. Kodwa-ke, iPhalamende laseScotland, liqhutshwa uthando lomphakathi nge-whisky, lanquma ukuyivumela ukuba ibe semthethweni. Kodwa-ke, emehlweni omndeni wasebukhosini waseBrithani, i-whisky yaseScotland isasemthethweni. Ukuze ithole isabelo semakethe ye-whisky kodwa ingathandi ukwenza kube semthethweni ukukhiqizwa kwayo, umndeni wasebukhosini waseBrithani wathatha isu lobuqili ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 - ukubeka intela enkulu ku-malt. Lesi sinyathelo sandisa kakhulu ubudlelwano obushubile phakathi kweScotland neNgilandi.

Ukwanda komhlaba wonke kusebenzisa amathuba omlando

Ngekhulu le-19, iBrithani yayisiseqophelweni lenhlanhla yayo yesizwe echumayo. Ngaleli thuba, izinkampani ezinkulu zotshwala ezifana noTommy Dewar, uJohnnie Walker, uJames Chivas, nabanye ziye zasunduza i-whisky yaseScotland emakethe yomhlaba wonke - kusukela eHong Kong ephithizelayo kuya eHanoi yasendulo, kusukela eSydney ephithizelayo kuya eSan Francisco ephithizelayo, kusukela eMontreal ephithizelayo kuya eMumbai ephithizelayo, ngisho naseziqhingini zaseCape Town naseziqhingini zaseCape Verde ezikude. Uhambo lomhlaba wonke lwe-whisky yaseScotland seluqalile, luzuze uthando oluhlala njalo lwabathengi bomhlaba wonke futhi lubeka isisekelo esiqinile sempumelelo yanamuhla.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II

Ngo-1938, i-United States yaba yimakethe eyinhloko yokuthumela ngaphandle i-whisky yaseScotland. Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, i-whisky yabizwa ngokuthi "isiphuzo sezwe elikhululekile," ngenxa yokukhushulwa okubanzi eHollywood kanye nokufinyelela kwabantu baseYurophu kwe-Allies, idumela layo lakhula usuku nosuku. Ngo-1970, ukukhiqizwa kwe-whisky ye-malt kwakuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa no-1960. Ngokukhuphuka kokukhiqizwa, izindawo zokukhiqiza i-whisky nazo ziye zathuthukiswa. Ithangi le-saccharification elizenzakalelayo kancane kancane liye lathatha indawo yamatangi e-rake and plow saccharification endabuko, futhi ukusebenza kwayo okusebenzayo kanye nokusebenza kokuhlanza kuye kwaphinda kathathu ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo eziningi zokukhiqiza i-whisky nazo zethule izinto zokucima umlilo eziqondile futhi kancane kancane zashintshela ezindleleni zokushisa ngomusi.

Ukukhuphuka kwe-single malt

Ngawo-1960, indawo yokwenza utshwala yaseGlenfiddich yabonisa ukuqonda okukhulu emakethe futhi yanquma ukuyeka inqubo ngokukhuthaza amawayini ayo ngesimo se-"single malt". Nakuba i-whisky exubile yayibusa emakethe ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sinyathelo esisha savula indlela yokukhula kwe-single malt whisky. IGlenfiddich ithengise amabhokisi angu-11422 e-single malt whisky, kwathi ngo-1970, ukuthengiswa kwayo kwaminyaka yonke kwase kudlule amabhokisi angu-50000, okwaba yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zesabelo semakethe yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yeSunway futhi kwaba yibhizinisi elihamba phambili ku-single malt whisky.

Imakethe yaseShayina echumayo

Eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, uthando lwaseShayina nge-whisky yaseScotland lukhule ngokushesha, futhi lo mkhuba kulindeleke ukuthi uqhubeke. Nakuba iBaijiu ibusa imakethe yotshwala yaseShayina, abathengi abasebasha nabanamandla ngokwezimali baphendukela kuSolvay. Abathengi baseShayina banesithakazelo emlandweni ojulile weSuwei kanye nobuciko bendabuko. Abathandi be-whisky abaningi bazimisele ukukhokha imali engaphezu kwama-£150 ngebhodlela, kanti abangaphezu kuka-90% babo bakholelwa ukuthi i-single malt iyiziphuzo ezisezingeni eliphezulu emakethe. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-China Customs ngo-2021, inani lokungenisa i-whisky yasekhaya landa ngo-43.9% unyaka nonyaka, lafika kumalitha ayizigidi ezingu-30.28, kanti inani lokungenisa landa ngo-92%, lafika ku-460 million US dollars.